Frank began his talk with a fascinating observation:
"Astronomy in China, Korea & Japan presents a total change to how we in the West look at the night sky. You could call it astronomical dyslexia - only two constellations in the Chinese night sky would be recognisable to us. Additionally, it is polar rather than ecliptically influenced. This region was also isolated from the West by both distance and language."
As Frank delved deeper into his extensive knowledge and research, it became apparent how much the West underappreciates the contributions of this part of the world to early astronomical observation.
Early star charts in East Asia showed some similarities to modern-day constellations but became increasingly detailed and accurate as they evolved. A highlight of the talk was the Dunhuang Star Map (618–900 AD), whose compilation began as early as 300 BC. Remarkably, this historic artefact, consisting of 12 panels with a polar projection and angular measurements for Jupiter and the Moon, can now be viewed in the British Museum.
Frank also touched on the technological advancements of Chinese astronomy. As early as 1100 BC, the Chinese were using a gnomon to measure solar altitudes. Around 100 AD, Zhang Heng invented a water-powered armillary sphere and even developed an escape mechanism. The armillary sphere he designed featured equatorial rings rather than ecliptic rings, a significant deviation from Western designs at the time.
What stood out was the meticulous nature of Chinese astronomical records. They not only possessed advanced observational tools centuries ahead of their time but also documented their findings in extraordinary detail. Much of this rich heritage remains visible today in the artefacts and traditions preserved in China and Japan.
Frank’s presentation was both well-researched and engaging. Our thanks go to him for shedding light on this fascinating topic.
A video of the talk will shortly be available on our website - we encourage everyone to watch it.
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